Image

The Next.js Image component extends the HTML <img> element for automatic image optimization.

import Image from 'next/image'
 
export default function Page() {
  return (
    <Image
      src="/profile.png"
      width={500}
      height={500}
      alt="Picture of the author"
    />
  )
}

Reference

Props

The following props are available:

src

The source of the image. Can be one of the following:

An internal path string.

<Image src="/profile.png" />

An absolute external URL (must be configured with remotePatterns).

<Image src="https://example.com/profile.png" />

A static import.

import profile from './profile.png'
 
export default function Page() {
  return <Image src={profile} />
}

alt

The alt property is used to describe the image for screen readers and search engines. It is also the fallback text if images have been disabled or an error occurs while loading the image.

It should contain text that could replace the image without changing the meaning of the page. It is not meant to supplement the image and should not repeat information that is already provided in the captions above or below the image.

If the image is purely decorative or not intended for the user, the alt property should be an empty string (alt="").

Learn more about image accessibility guidelines.

width and height

The width and height properties represent the intrinsic image size in pixels. This property is used to infer the correct aspect ratio used by browsers to reserve space for the image and avoid layout shift during loading. It does not determine the rendered size of the image, which is controlled by CSS.

<Image src="/profile.png" width={500} height={500} />

You must set both width and height properties unless:

• The image is statically imported
• The image has the fill property

If the height and width are unknown, we recommend using the fill property.

fill

A boolean that causes the image to expand to the size of the parent element.

<Image src="/profile.png" fill={true} />

Positioning:

• The parent element must assign position: "relative", "fixed", "absolute".
• By default, the <img> element uses position: "absolute".

Object Fit:

If no styles are applied to the image, the image will stretch to fit the container. You can use objectFit to control cropping and scaling.

• "contain": The image will be scaled down to fit the container and preserve aspect ratio.
• "cover": The image will fill the container and be cropped.

Learn more about position and object-fit.

loader

A custom function used to generate the image URL. The function receives the following parameters, and returns a URL string for the image:

• src
• width
• quality

'use client'
 
import Image from 'next/image'
 
const imageLoader = ({ src, width, quality }) => {
  return `https://example.com/${src}?w=${width}&q=${quality || 75}`
}
 
export default function Page() {
  return (
    <Image
      loader={imageLoader}
      src="me.png"
      alt="Picture of the author"
      width={500}
      height={500}
    />
  )
}

Good to know: Using props like onLoad, which accept a function, requires using Client Components to serialize the provided function.

Alternatively, you can use the loaderFile configuration in next.config.js to configure every instance of next/image in your application, without passing a prop.

sizes

Define the sizes of the image at different breakpoints. Used by the browser to choose the most appropriate size from the generated srcset.

import Image from 'next/image'
 
export default function Page() {
  return (
    <div className="grid-element">
      <Image
        fill
        src="/example.png"
        sizes="(max-width: 768px) 100vw, (max-width: 1200px) 50vw, 33vw"
      />
    </div>
  )
}

sizes should be used when:

• The image is using the fill prop
• CSS is used to make the image responsive

If sizes is missing, the browser assumes the image will be as wide as the viewport (100vw). This can cause unnecessarily large images to be downloaded.

In addition, sizes affects how srcset is generated:

• Without sizes: Next.js generates a limited srcset (e.g. 1x, 2x), suitable for fixed-size images.
• With sizes: Next.js generates a full srcset (e.g. 640w, 750w, etc.), optimized for responsive layouts.

Learn more about srcset and sizes on web.dev and mdn.

quality

An integer between 1 and 100 that sets the quality of the optimized image. Higher values increase file size and visual fidelity. Lower values reduce file size but may affect sharpness.

// Default quality is 75
<Image quality={75} />

If you’ve configured qualities in next.config.js, the value must match one of the allowed entries.

Good to know: If the original image is already low quality, setting a high quality value will increase the file size without improving appearance.

style

Allows passing CSS styles to the underlying image element.

const imageStyle = {
  borderRadius: '50%',
  border: '1px solid #fff',
  width: '100px',
  height: 'auto',
}
 
export default function ProfileImage() {
  return <Image src="..." style={imageStyle} />
}

Good to know: If you’re using the style prop to set a custom width, be sure to also set height: 'auto' to preserve the image’s aspect ratio.

priority

A boolean that indicates if the image should be preloaded.

// Default priority is false
<Image priority={false} />

• true: Preloads the image. Disables lazy loading.
• false: Lazy loads the image.

When to use it:

• The image is above the fold.
• The image is the Largest Contentful Paint (LCP) element.
• You want to improve the initial loading performance of your page.

When not to use it:

• When the loading prop isused (will trigger warnings).

loading

Controls when the image should start loading.

// Defaults to lazy
<Image loading="lazy" />

• lazy: Defer loading the image until it reaches a calculated distance from the viewport.
• eager: Load the image immediately, regardless of its position in the page.

Use eager only when you want to ensure the image is loaded immediately.

Learn more about the loading attribute.

placeholder

Specifies a placeholder to use while the image is loading, improving the perceived loading performance.

// defaults to empty
<Image placeholder="empty" />

• empty: No placeholder while the image is loading.
• blur: Use a blurred version of the image as a placeholder. Must be used with the blurDataURL property.
• data:image/...: Uses the Data URL as the placeholder.

Examples:

• blur placeholder
• Shimmer effect with data URL placeholder prop
• Color effect with blurDataURL prop

Learn more about the placeholder attribute.

blurDataURL

A Data URL to be used as a placeholder image before the image successfully loads. Can be automatically set or used with the placeholder="blur" property.

<Image placeholder="blur" blurDataURL="..." />

The image is automatically enlarged and blurred, so a very small image (10px or less) is recommended.

Automatic

If src is a static import of a jpg, png, webp, or avif file, blurDataURL is added automatically—unless the image is animated.

Manually set

If the image is dynamic or remote, you must provide blurDataURL yourself. To generate one, you can use:

• A online tool like png-pixel.com
• A library like Plaiceholder

A large blurDataURL may hurt performance. Keep it small and simple.

Examples:

• Default blurDataURL prop
• Color effect with blurDataURL prop

onLoad

A callback function that is invoked once the image is completely loaded and the placeholder has been removed.

<Image onLoad={(e) => console.log(e.target.naturalWidth)} />

The callback function will be called with one argument, the event which has a target that references the underlying <img> element.

Good to know: Using props like onLoad, which accept a function, requires using Client Components to serialize the provided function.

onError

A callback function that is invoked if the image fails to load.

<Image onError={(e) => console.error(e.target.id)} />

Good to know: Using props like onError, which accept a function, requires using Client Components to serialize the provided function.

unoptimized

A boolean that indicates if the image should be optimized. This is useful for images that do not benefit from optimization such as small images (less than 1KB), vector images (SVG), or animated images (GIF).

import Image from 'next/image'
 
const UnoptimizedImage = (props) => {
  // Default is false
  return <Image {...props} unoptimized />
}

• true: The source image will be served as-is from the src instead of changing quality, size, or format.
• false: The source image will be optimized.

Since Next.js 12.3.0, this prop can be assigned to all images by updating next.config.js with the following configuration:

module.exports = {
  images: {
    unoptimized: true,
  },
}

overrideSrc

When providing the src prop to the <Image> component, both the srcset and src attributes are generated automatically for the resulting <img>.

<Image src="/profile.jpg" />

<img
  srcset="
    /_next/image?url=%2Fme.jpg&w=640&q=75 1x,
    /_next/image?url=%2Fme.jpg&w=828&q=75 2x
  "
  src="/_next/image?url=%2Fme.jpg&w=828&q=75"
/>

In some cases, it is not desirable to have the src attribute generated and you may wish to override it using the overrideSrc prop.

For example, when upgrading an existing website from <img> to <Image>, you may wish to maintain the same src attribute for SEO purposes such as image ranking or avoiding recrawl.

<Image src="/profile.jpg" overrideSrc="/override.jpg" />

<img
  srcset="
    /_next/image?url=%2Fme.jpg&w=640&q=75 1x,
    /_next/image?url=%2Fme.jpg&w=828&q=75 2x
  "
  src="/override.jpg"
/>

decoding

A hint to the browser indicating if it should wait for the image to be decoded before presenting other content updates or not.

// Default is async
<Image decoding="async" />

• async: Asynchronously decode the image and allow other content to be rendered before it completes.
• sync: Synchronously decode the image for atomic presentation with other content.
• auto: No preference. The browser chooses the best approach.

Learn more about the decoding attribute.

Other Props

Other properties on the <Image /> component will be passed to the underlying img element with the exception of the following:

• srcSet: Use Device Sizes instead.

Deprecated props

onLoadingComplete

Warning: Deprecated in Next.js 14, use onLoad instead.

A callback function that is invoked once the image is completely loaded and the placeholder has been removed.

The callback function will be called with one argument, a reference to the underlying <img> element.

'use client'
 
<Image onLoadingComplete={(img) => console.log(img.naturalWidth)} />

Good to know: Using props like onLoadingComplete, which accept a function, requires using Client Components to serialize the provided function.

Configuration options

You can configure the Image Component in next.config.js. The following options are available:

localPatterns

Use localPatterns in your next.config.js file to allow images from specific local paths to be optimized and block all others.

module.exports = {
  images: {
    localPatterns: [
      {
        pathname: '/assets/images/**',
        search: '',
      },
    ],
  },
}

The example above will ensure the src property of next/image must start with /assets/images/ and must not have a query string. Attempting to optimize any other path will respond with 400 Bad Request error.

remotePatterns

Use remotePatterns in your next.config.js file to allow images from specific external paths and block all others. This ensures that only external images from your account can be served.

module.exports = {
  images: {
    remotePatterns: [new URL('https://example.com/account123/**')],
  },
}

If using a version prior to 15.3.0, you can configure remotePatterns using the object:

module.exports = {
  images: {
    remotePatterns: [
      {
        protocol: 'https',
        hostname: 'example.com',
        port: '',
        pathname: '/account123/**',
        search: '',
      },
    ],
  },
}

The example above will ensure the src property of next/image must start with https://example.com/account123/ and must not have a query string. Any other protocol, hostname, port, or unmatched path will respond with 400 Bad Request.

Wildcard Patterns:

Wildcard patterns can be used for both pathname and hostname and have the following syntax:

• * match a single path segment or subdomain
• ** match any number of path segments at the end or subdomains at the beginning. This syntax does not work in the middle of the pattern.

module.exports = {
  images: {
    remotePatterns: [
      {
        protocol: 'https',
        hostname: '**.example.com',
        port: '',
        search: '',
      },
    ],
  },
}

This allows subdomains like image.example.com. Query strings and custom ports are still blocked.

Good to know: When omitting protocol, port, pathname, or search then the wildcard ** is implied. This is not recommended because it may allow malicious actors to optimize urls you did not intend.

Query Strings:

You can also restrict query strings using the search property:

module.exports = {
  images: {
    remotePatterns: [
      {
        protocol: 'https',
        hostname: 'assets.example.com',
        search: '?v=1727111025337',
      },
    ],
  },
}

The example above will ensure the src property of next/image must start with https://assets.example.com and must have the exact query string ?v=1727111025337. Any other protocol or query string will respond with 400 Bad Request.

loaderFile

loaderFiles allows you to use a custom image optimization service instead of Next.js.

module.exports = {
  images: {
    loader: 'custom',
    loaderFile: './my/image/loader.js',
  },
}

The path must be relative to the project root. The file must export a default function that returns a URL string:

'use client'
 
export default function myImageLoader({ src, width, quality }) {
  return `https://example.com/${src}?w=${width}&q=${quality || 75}`
}

Example:

• Custom Image Loader Configuration

Alternatively, you can use the loader prop to configure each instance of next/image.

deviceSizes

deviceSizes allows you to specify a list of device width breakpoints. These widths are used when the next/image component uses sizes prop to ensure the correct image is served for the user's device.

If no configuration is provided, the default below is used:

module.exports = {
  images: {
    deviceSizes: [640, 750, 828, 1080, 1200, 1920, 2048, 3840],
  },
}

imageSizes

imageSizes allows you to specify a list of image widths. These widths are concatenated with the array of device sizes to form the full array of sizes used to generate image srcset.

If no configuration is provided, the default below is used:

module.exports = {
  images: {
    imageSizes: [16, 32, 48, 64, 96, 128, 256, 384],
  },
}

imageSizes is only used for images which provide a sizes prop, which indicates that the image is less than the full width of the screen. Therefore, the sizes in imageSizes should all be smaller than the smallest size in deviceSizes.

qualities

qualities allows you to specify a list of image quality values.

module.exports = {
  images: {
    qualities: [25, 50, 75],
  },
}

In the example above, only three qualities are allowed: 25, 50, and 75. If the quality prop does not match a value in this array, the image will fail with a 400 Bad Request.

formats

formats allows you to specify a list of image formats to be used.

module.exports = {
  images: {
    // Default
    formats: ['image/webp'],
  },
}

Next.js automatically detects the browser's supported image formats via the request's Accept header in order to determine the best output format.

If the Accept header matches more than one of the configured formats, the first match in the array is used. Therefore, the array order matters. If there is no match (or the source image is animated), it will use the original image's format.

You can enable AVIF support, which will fallback to the original format of the src image if the browser does not support AVIF:

module.exports = {
  images: {
    formats: ['image/avif'],
  },
}

Good to know:

• We still recommend using WebP for most use cases.
• AVIF generally takes 50% longer to encode but it compresses 20% smaller compared to WebP. This means that the first time an image is requested, it will typically be slower, but subsequent requests that are cached will be faster.
• If you self-host with a Proxy/CDN in front of Next.js, you must configure the Proxy to forward the Accept header.

minimumCacheTTL

minimumCacheTTL allows you to configure the Time to Live (TTL) in seconds for cached optimized images. In many cases, it's better to use a Static Image Import which will automatically hash the file contents and cache the image forever with a Cache-Control header of immutable.

If no configuration is provided, the default below is used.

module.exports = {
  images: {
    minimumCacheTTL: 60, // 1 minute
  },
}

You can increase the TTL to reduce the number of revalidations and potentionally lower cost:

module.exports = {
  images: {
    minimumCacheTTL: 2678400, // 31 days
  },
}

The expiration (or rather Max Age) of the optimized image is defined by either the minimumCacheTTL or the upstream image Cache-Control header, whichever is larger.

If you need to change the caching behavior per image, you can configure headers to set the Cache-Control header on the upstream image (e.g. /some-asset.jpg, not /_next/image itself).

There is no mechanism to invalidate the cache at this time, so its best to keep minimumCacheTTL low. Otherwise you may need to manually change the src prop or delete the cached file <distDir>/cache/images.

disableStaticImages

disableStaticImages allows you to disable static image imports.

The default behavior allows you to import static files such as import icon from './icon.png' and then pass that to the src property. In some cases, you may wish to disable this feature if it conflicts with other plugins that expect the import to behave differently.

You can disable static image imports inside your next.config.js:

module.exports = {
  images: {
    disableStaticImages: true,
  },
}

dangerouslyAllowSVG

dangerouslyAllowSVG allows you to serve SVG images.

module.exports = {
  images: {
    dangerouslyAllowSVG: true,
  },
}

By default, Next.js does not optimize SVG images for a few reasons:

• SVG is a vector format meaning it can be resized losslessly.
• SVG has many of the same features as HTML/CSS, which can lead to vulnerabilities without proper Content Security Policy (CSP) headers.

We recommend using the unoptimized prop when the src prop is known to be SVG. This happens automatically when src ends with ".svg".

<Image src="/my-image.svg" unoptimized />

In addition, it is strongly recommended to also set contentDispositionType to force the browser to download the image, as well as contentSecurityPolicy to prevent scripts embedded in the image from executing.

module.exports = {
  images: {
    dangerouslyAllowSVG: true,
    contentDispositionType: 'attachment',
    contentSecurityPolicy: "default-src 'self'; script-src 'none'; sandbox;",
  },
}

contentDispositionType

contentDispositionType allows you to configure the Content-Disposition header.

module.exports = {
  images: {
    contentDispositionType: 'inline',
  },
}

By default, the loader sets the Content-Disposition header to attachment for added protection since the API can serve arbitrary remote images.

The default value is attachment which forces the browser to download the image when visiting directly. This is particularly important when dangerouslyAllowSVG is true.

You can optionally configure inline to allow the browser to render the image when visiting directly, without downloading it.

Deprecated configuration options

domains

Warning: Deprecated since Next.js 14 in favor of strict remotePatterns in order to protect your application from malicious users. Only use domains if you own all the content served from the domain.

Similar to remotePatterns, the domains configuration can be used to provide a list of allowed hostnames for external images. However, the domains configuration does not support wildcard pattern matching and it cannot restrict protocol, port, or pathname.

Below is an example of the domains property in the next.config.js file:

module.exports = {
  images: {
    domains: ['assets.acme.com'],
  },
}

Functions

getImageProps

The getImageProps function can be used to get the props that would be passed to the underlying <img> element, and instead pass them to another component, style, canvas, etc.

import { getImageProps } from 'next/image'
 
const props = getImageProps({
  src: 'https://example.com/image.jpg',
  alt: 'A scenic mountain view',
  width: 1200,
  height: 800,
})
 
function ImageWithCaption() {
  return (
    <figure>
      <img {...props} />
      <figcaption>A scenic mountain view</figcaption>
    </figure>
  )
}

This also avoid calling React useState() so it can lead to better performance, but it cannot be used with the placeholder prop because the placeholder will never be removed.

Known browser bugs

This next/image component uses browser native lazy loading, which may fallback to eager loading for older browsers before Safari 15.4. When using the blur-up placeholder, older browsers before Safari 12 will fallback to empty placeholder. When using styles with width/height of auto, it is possible to cause Layout Shift on older browsers before Safari 15 that don't preserve the aspect ratio. For more details, see this MDN video.

• Safari 15 - 16.3 display a gray border while loading. Safari 16.4 fixed this issue. Possible solutions:

  • Use CSS @supports (font: -apple-system-body) and (-webkit-appearance: none) { img[loading="lazy"] { clip-path: inset(0.6px) } }
  • Use priority if the image is above the fold

• Firefox 67+ displays a white background while loading. Possible solutions:

  • Enable AVIF formats
  • Use placeholder

Examples

Styling images

Styling the Image component is similar to styling a normal <img> element, but there are a few guidelines to keep in mind:

Use className or style, not styled-jsx. In most cases, we recommend using the className prop. This can be an imported CSS Module, a global stylesheet, etc.

import styles from './styles.module.css'
 
export default function MyImage() {
  return <Image className={styles.image} src="/my-image.png" alt="My Image" />
}

You can also use the style prop to assign inline styles.

export default function MyImage() {
  return (
    <Image style={{ borderRadius: '8px' }} src="/my-image.png" alt="My Image" />
  )
}

When using fill, the parent element must have position: relative or display: block. This is necessary for the proper rendering of the image element in that layout mode.

<div style={{ position: 'relative' }}>
  <Image fill src="/my-image.png" alt="My Image" />
</div>

You cannot use styled-jsx because it's scoped to the current component (unless you mark the style as global).

Responsive images with a static export

When you import a static image, Next.js automatically sets its width and height based on the file. You can make the image responsive by setting the style:

import Image from 'next/image'
import mountains from '../public/mountains.jpg'
 
export default function Responsive() {
  return (
    <div style={{ display: 'flex', flexDirection: 'column' }}>
      <Image
        alt="Mountains"
        // Importing an image will
        // automatically set the width and height
        src={mountains}
        sizes="100vw"
        // Make the image display full width
        // and preserve its aspect ratio
        style={{
          width: '100%',
          height: 'auto',
        }}
      />
    </div>
  )
}

Responsive images with a remote URL

If the source image is a dynamic or a remote URL, you must provide the width and height props so Next.js can calculate the aspect ratio:

import Image from 'next/image'
 
export default function Page({ photoUrl }) {
  return (
    <Image
      src={photoUrl}
      alt="Picture of the author"
      sizes="100vw"
      style={{
        width: '100%',
        height: 'auto',
      }}
      width={500}
      height={300}
    />
  )
}

Try it out:

• Demo the image responsive to viewport

Responsive image with fill

If you don't know the aspect ratio of the image, you can add the fill prop with the objectFit prop set to cover. This will make the image fill the full width of its parent container.

import Image from 'next/image'
import mountains from '../public/mountains.jpg'
 
export default function Fill() {
  return (
    <div
      style={{
        display: 'grid',
        gridGap: '8px',
        gridTemplateColumns: 'repeat(auto-fit, minmax(400px, auto))',
      }}
    >
      <div style={{ position: 'relative', width: '400px' }}>
        <Image
          alt="Mountains"
          src={mountains}
          fill
          sizes="(min-width: 808px) 50vw, 100vw"
          style={{
            objectFit: 'cover', // cover, contain, none
          }}
        />
      </div>
      {/* And more images in the grid... */}
    </div>
  )
}

Background Image

Use the fill prop to make the image cover the entire screen area:

import Image from 'next/image'
import mountains from '../public/mountains.jpg'
 
export default function Background() {
  return (
    <Image
      alt="Mountains"
      src={mountains}
      placeholder="blur"
      quality={100}
      fill
      sizes="100vw"
      style={{
        objectFit: 'cover',
      }}
    />
  )
}

For examples of the Image component used with the various styles, see the Image Component Demo.

Remote images

To use a remote image, the src property should be a URL string.

import Image from 'next/image'
 
export default function Page() {
  return (
    <Image
      src="https://s3.amazonaws.com/my-bucket/profile.png"
      alt="Picture of the author"
      width={500}
      height={500}
    />
  )
}

Since Next.js does not have access to remote files during the build process, you'll need to provide the width, height and optional blurDataURL props manually.

The width and height attributes are used to infer the correct aspect ratio of image and avoid layout shift from the image loading in. The width and height do not determine the rendered size of the image file.

To safely allow optimizing images, define a list of supported URL patterns in next.config.js. Be as specific as possible to prevent malicious usage. For example, the following configuration will only allow images from a specific AWS S3 bucket:

module.exports = {
  images: {
    remotePatterns: [
      {
        protocol: 'https',
        hostname: 's3.amazonaws.com',
        port: '',
        pathname: '/my-bucket/**',
        search: '',
      },
    ],
  },
}

Theme detection

If you want to display a different image for light and dark mode, you can create a new component that wraps two <Image> components and reveals the correct one based on a CSS media query.

.imgDark {
  display: none;
}
 
@media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {
  .imgLight {
    display: none;
  }
  .imgDark {
    display: unset;
  }
}

import styles from './theme-image.module.css'
import Image, { ImageProps } from 'next/image'
 
type Props = Omit<ImageProps, 'src' | 'priority' | 'loading'> & {
  srcLight: string
  srcDark: string
}
 
const ThemeImage = (props: Props) => {
  const { srcLight, srcDark, ...rest } = props
 
  return (
    <>
      <Image {...rest} src={srcLight} className={styles.imgLight} />
      <Image {...rest} src={srcDark} className={styles.imgDark} />
    </>
  )
}

Good to know: The default behavior of loading="lazy" ensures that only the correct image is loaded. You cannot use priority or loading="eager" because that would cause both images to load. Instead, you can use fetchPriority="high".

Try it out:

• Demo light/dark mode theme detection

Art direction

If you want to display a different image for mobile and desktop, sometimes called Art Direction, you can provide different src, width, height, and quality props to getImageProps().

import { getImageProps } from 'next/image'
 
export default function Home() {
  const common = { alt: 'Art Direction Example', sizes: '100vw' }
  const {
    props: { srcSet: desktop },
  } = getImageProps({
    ...common,
    width: 1440,
    height: 875,
    quality: 80,
    src: '/desktop.jpg',
  })
  const {
    props: { srcSet: mobile, ...rest },
  } = getImageProps({
    ...common,
    width: 750,
    height: 1334,
    quality: 70,
    src: '/mobile.jpg',
  })
 
  return (
    <picture>
      <source media="(min-width: 1000px)" srcSet={desktop} />
      <source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcSet={mobile} />
      <img {...rest} style={{ width: '100%', height: 'auto' }} />
    </picture>
  )
}

Background CSS

You can even convert the srcSet string to the image-set() CSS function to optimize a background image.

import { getImageProps } from 'next/image'
 
function getBackgroundImage(srcSet = '') {
  const imageSet = srcSet
    .split(', ')
    .map((str) => {
      const [url, dpi] = str.split(' ')
      return `url("${url}") ${dpi}`
    })
    .join(', ')
  return `image-set(${imageSet})`
}
 
export default function Home() {
  const {
    props: { srcSet },
  } = getImageProps({ alt: '', width: 128, height: 128, src: '/img.png' })
  const backgroundImage = getBackgroundImage(srcSet)
  const style = { height: '100vh', width: '100vw', backgroundImage }
 
  return (
    <main style={style}>
      <h1>Hello World</h1>
    </main>
  )
}

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